Punjabi Letters

Tap a Punjabi letter to copy it: the 35 Gurmukhi letters by name, then dotted letters, vowels, signs and digits.

Punjabi Letters

ੳūṛāU+0A73Ready to copy

76 letters. Tap one to copy it.

The 35 letters 35

Letters with a dot 6

Vowels 10

Vowel signs on ਕ 9

Other marks 6

Digits 10

Next step Next script: the Gujarati alphabet

How it works

Punjabi letters to copy, in the Gurmukhi script: the 35 letters in chart order, each with its name, the six letters made with a dot, the ten vowels, the vowel signs shown on ਕ, the other marks and the digits.

Read the full guide

Seven rows of five

The first row holds three vowel bearers, ੳ ਅ ੲ, then ਸ and ਹ. Five rows of consonants follow, ਕ to ਮ, and the last is ਯ ਰ ਲ ਵ ੜ. Six more letters take a dot at the foot, mostly for loanwords: ਸ਼ ਖ਼ ਗ਼ ਜ਼ ਫ਼ ਲ਼.

Vowels ride on a bearer

A consonant is read with a short a, and a sign changes it: ਕਾ kā, ਕੀ kī. A vowel with no consonant before it is written on a bearer, so ਆ is ਅ with the sign of ā. ੳ and ੲ are never written bare. The sign of i, siā̀rī, is drawn to the left and read after: ਕਿ ki.

  • The mark áddakă, as in ਕੱ, doubles the consonant that comes after it.
  • ਙ ṅaṅṅā and ਞ ñaññā are now marginal as letters on their own.

Questions and answers

How many Punjabi alphabet letters are there?

35 base letters, with six letters with a dot in official use beside them. The vowel signs, the other marks and the digits are counted apart.

Are the Punjabi and Gurmukhi alphabets the same?

In Punjab, India, yes: Gurmukhi is the official script of the Punjabi language there, so the letters on this page are both.

How do you read a Gurmukhi alphabet chart?

Row by row, from the left. The name of a letter repeats its sound: ਕ is kakkā, ਗ is gaggā, ਮ is mammā.

What is the alphabet in Punjabi called?

Paintī, the thirty-five, after its 35 letters. A single letter is an akkhară.

Does the Punjabi language alphabet have tone marks?

No. The script has no separate sign for a tone. The fourth letter of each of the five consonant rows, ਘ ਝ ਢ ਧ ਭ, gives its syllable a tone.

All 76 letters

The 35 letters 35

  • aiṛā U+0A05 Gurmukhi letter a. Gurmukhi block, Unicode 1.1. Letter 2 of 35, row 1 of 7 (three vowel bearers and two fricatives). A vowel bearer; alone it is the vowel a (IPA ə).
  • babbā U+0A2C Gurmukhi letter ba. Gurmukhi block, Unicode 1.1. Letter 28 of 35, row 6 of 7 (labials). Sound ba (IPA b): a voiced stop.
  • bhabbā U+0A2D Gurmukhi letter bha. Gurmukhi block, Unicode 1.1. Letter 29 of 35, row 6 of 7 (labials). A tonal letter: it is spelled bha in Latin letters, though Punjabi has no such sound, and it gives its syllable a tone.
  • caccā U+0A1A Gurmukhi letter ca. Gurmukhi block, Unicode 1.1. Letter 11 of 35, row 3 of 7 (palatals). Sound ca (IPA t͡ʃ): a plain stop.
  • chacchā U+0A1B Gurmukhi letter cha. Gurmukhi block, Unicode 1.1. Letter 12 of 35, row 3 of 7 (palatals). Sound cha (IPA t͡ʃʰ): an aspirate.
  • daddā U+0A26 Gurmukhi letter da. Gurmukhi block, Unicode 1.1. Letter 23 of 35, row 5 of 7 (dentals). Sound da (IPA d̪): a voiced stop.
  • ḍaḍḍā U+0A21 Gurmukhi letter dda. Gurmukhi block, Unicode 1.1. Letter 18 of 35, row 4 of 7 (retroflexes). Sound ḍa (IPA ɖ): a voiced stop.
Show all 76 letters (69 more)

The 35 letters, continued

  • dhaddā U+0A27 Gurmukhi letter dha. Gurmukhi block, Unicode 1.1. Letter 24 of 35, row 5 of 7 (dentals). A tonal letter: it is spelled dha in Latin letters, though Punjabi has no such sound, and it gives its syllable a tone.
  • ḍhaḍḍā U+0A22 Gurmukhi letter ddha. Gurmukhi block, Unicode 1.1. Letter 19 of 35, row 4 of 7 (retroflexes). A tonal letter: it is spelled ḍha in Latin letters, though Punjabi has no such sound, and it gives its syllable a tone.
  • gaggā U+0A17 Gurmukhi letter ga. Gurmukhi block, Unicode 1.1. Letter 8 of 35, row 2 of 7 (velars). Sound ga (IPA ɡ): a voiced stop.
  • ghaggā U+0A18 Gurmukhi letter gha. Gurmukhi block, Unicode 1.1. Letter 9 of 35, row 2 of 7 (velars). A tonal letter: it is spelled gha in Latin letters, though Punjabi has no such sound, and it gives its syllable a tone.
  • hāhā U+0A39 Gurmukhi letter ha. Gurmukhi block, Unicode 1.1. Letter 5 of 35, row 1 of 7 (three vowel bearers and two fricatives). Sound ha (IPA ɦ).
  • īṛī U+0A72 Gurmukhi iri. Gurmukhi block, Unicode 1.1. Letter 3 of 35, row 1 of 7 (three vowel bearers and two fricatives). A vowel bearer: it is never written alone and carries a vowel sign to make a vowel letter.
  • jajjā U+0A1C Gurmukhi letter ja. Gurmukhi block, Unicode 1.1. Letter 13 of 35, row 3 of 7 (palatals). Sound ja (IPA d͡ʒ): a voiced stop.
  • jhajjā U+0A1D Gurmukhi letter jha. Gurmukhi block, Unicode 1.1. Letter 14 of 35, row 3 of 7 (palatals). A tonal letter: it is spelled jha in Latin letters, though Punjabi has no such sound, and it gives its syllable a tone.
  • kakkā U+0A15 Gurmukhi letter ka. Gurmukhi block, Unicode 1.1. Letter 6 of 35, row 2 of 7 (velars). Sound ka (IPA k): a plain stop.
  • khakkhā U+0A16 Gurmukhi letter kha. Gurmukhi block, Unicode 1.1. Letter 7 of 35, row 2 of 7 (velars). Sound kha (IPA kʰ): an aspirate.
  • lallā U+0A32 Gurmukhi letter la. Gurmukhi block, Unicode 1.1. Letter 33 of 35, row 7 of 7 (sonorants). Sound la (IPA l).
  • mammā U+0A2E Gurmukhi letter ma. Gurmukhi block, Unicode 1.1. Letter 30 of 35, row 6 of 7 (labials). Sound ma (IPA m): a nasal.
  • nāṇā U+0A23 Gurmukhi letter nna. Gurmukhi block, Unicode 1.1. Letter 20 of 35, row 4 of 7 (retroflexes). Sound ṇa (IPA ɳ): a nasal.
  • nannā U+0A28 Gurmukhi letter na. Gurmukhi block, Unicode 1.1. Letter 25 of 35, row 5 of 7 (dentals). Sound na (IPA n): a nasal.
  • ñaññā U+0A1E Gurmukhi letter nya. Gurmukhi block, Unicode 1.1. Letter 15 of 35, row 3 of 7 (palatals). Sound ña (IPA ɲ): a nasal.
  • ṅaṅṅā U+0A19 Gurmukhi letter nga. Gurmukhi block, Unicode 1.1. Letter 10 of 35, row 2 of 7 (velars). Sound ṅa (IPA ŋ): a nasal.
  • pappā U+0A2A Gurmukhi letter pa. Gurmukhi block, Unicode 1.1. Letter 26 of 35, row 6 of 7 (labials). Sound pa (IPA p): a plain stop.
  • phapphā U+0A2B Gurmukhi letter pha. Gurmukhi block, Unicode 1.1. Letter 27 of 35, row 6 of 7 (labials). Sound pha (IPA pʰ): an aspirate.
  • rārā U+0A30 Gurmukhi letter ra. Gurmukhi block, Unicode 1.1. Letter 32 of 35, row 7 of 7 (sonorants). Sound ra (IPA ɾ or r).
  • ṛāṛā U+0A5C Gurmukhi letter rra. Gurmukhi block, Unicode 1.1. Letter 35 of 35, row 7 of 7 (sonorants). Sound ṛa (IPA ɽ).
  • sassā U+0A38 Gurmukhi letter sa. Gurmukhi block, Unicode 1.1. Letter 4 of 35, row 1 of 7 (three vowel bearers and two fricatives). Sound sa (IPA s).
  • ṭaiṅkā U+0A1F Gurmukhi letter tta. Gurmukhi block, Unicode 1.1. Letter 16 of 35, row 4 of 7 (retroflexes). Sound ṭa (IPA ʈ): a plain stop.
  • tattā U+0A24 Gurmukhi letter ta. Gurmukhi block, Unicode 1.1. Letter 21 of 35, row 5 of 7 (dentals). Sound ta (IPA t̪): a plain stop.
  • thatthā U+0A25 Gurmukhi letter tha. Gurmukhi block, Unicode 1.1. Letter 22 of 35, row 5 of 7 (dentals). Sound tha (IPA t̪ʰ): an aspirate.
  • ṭhaṭṭhā U+0A20 Gurmukhi letter ttha. Gurmukhi block, Unicode 1.1. Letter 17 of 35, row 4 of 7 (retroflexes). Sound ṭha (IPA ʈʰ): an aspirate.
  • ūṛā U+0A73 Gurmukhi ura. Gurmukhi block, Unicode 1.1. Letter 1 of 35, row 1 of 7 (three vowel bearers and two fricatives). A vowel bearer: it is never written alone and carries a vowel sign to make a vowel letter.
  • vāvā U+0A35 Gurmukhi letter va. Gurmukhi block, Unicode 1.1. Letter 34 of 35, row 7 of 7 (sonorants). Sound va (IPA ʋ or w).
  • yayyā U+0A2F Gurmukhi letter ya. Gurmukhi block, Unicode 1.1. Letter 31 of 35, row 7 of 7 (sonorants). Sound ya (IPA j).

Letters with a dot 6

  • fa, dotted U+0A2B U+0A3C Gurmukhi letter pha with Gurmukhi sign nukta. Named phapphē pairĭ bindī: the letter phapphā with a dot at its foot. Sound fa (IPA f).
  • ġa, dotted U+0A17 U+0A3C Gurmukhi letter ga with Gurmukhi sign nukta. Named gaggē pairĭ bindī: the letter gaggā with a dot at its foot. Sound ġa (IPA ɣ).
  • ḷa, dotted U+0A32 U+0A3C Gurmukhi letter la with Gurmukhi sign nukta. Named lallē pairĭ bindī: the letter lallā with a dot at its foot. Sound ḷa (IPA ɭ).
  • śa, dotted U+0A38 U+0A3C Gurmukhi letter sa with Gurmukhi sign nukta. Named sassē pairĭ bindī: the letter sassā with a dot at its foot. Sound śa (IPA ʃ).
  • xa, dotted U+0A16 U+0A3C Gurmukhi letter kha with Gurmukhi sign nukta. Named khakkhē pairĭ bindī: the letter khakkhā with a dot at its foot. Sound xa (IPA x).
  • za, dotted U+0A1C U+0A3C Gurmukhi letter ja with Gurmukhi sign nukta. Named jajjē pairĭ bindī: the letter jajjā with a dot at its foot. Sound za (IPA z).

Vowels 10

  • Punjabi a U+0A05 Gurmukhi letter a. Gurmukhi block, Unicode 1.1. Vowel 1 of 10; IPA ə. The bearer aiṛā on its own. It has no sign: a consonant with no mark is already read with it, as in ਕ ka.
  • Punjabi ā U+0A06 Gurmukhi letter aa. Gurmukhi block, Unicode 1.1. Vowel 2 of 10; IPA aː. Built on the bearer ਅ aiṛā. After a consonant it is written as the sign ਾ, named kannā, as in ਕਾ kā.
  • Punjabi ai U+0A10 Gurmukhi letter ai. Gurmukhi block, Unicode 1.1. Vowel 8 of 10; IPA ɛː. Built on the bearer ਅ aiṛā. After a consonant it is written as the sign ੈ, named dulāvā̃, as in ਕੈ kai.
  • Punjabi au U+0A14 Gurmukhi letter au. Gurmukhi block, Unicode 1.1. Vowel 10 of 10; IPA ɔː. Built on the bearer ਅ aiṛā. After a consonant it is written as the sign ੌ, named kanauṛā, as in ਕੌ kau.
  • Punjabi ē U+0A0F Gurmukhi letter ee. Gurmukhi block, Unicode 1.1. Vowel 7 of 10; IPA eː. Built on the bearer ੲ īṛī. After a consonant it is written as the sign ੇ, named lā̃/lāvā̃, as in ਕੇ kē.
  • Punjabi i U+0A07 Gurmukhi letter i. Gurmukhi block, Unicode 1.1. Vowel 3 of 10; IPA ɪ. Built on the bearer ੲ īṛī. After a consonant it is written as the sign ਿ, named siā̀rī, as in ਕਿ ki.
  • Punjabi ī U+0A08 Gurmukhi letter ii. Gurmukhi block, Unicode 1.1. Vowel 4 of 10; IPA iː. Built on the bearer ੲ īṛī. After a consonant it is written as the sign ੀ, named biā̀rī, as in ਕੀ kī.
  • Punjabi ō U+0A13 Gurmukhi letter oo. Gurmukhi block, Unicode 1.1. Vowel 9 of 10; IPA oː. Built on the bearer ੳ ūṛā, which takes a form of its own here. After a consonant it is written as the sign ੋ, named hōṛā, as in ਕੋ kō.
  • Punjabi u U+0A09 Gurmukhi letter u. Gurmukhi block, Unicode 1.1. Vowel 5 of 10; IPA ʊ. Built on the bearer ੳ ūṛā. After a consonant it is written as the sign ੁ, named auṅkaṛă, as in ਕੁ ku.
  • Punjabi ū U+0A0A Gurmukhi letter uu. Gurmukhi block, Unicode 1.1. Vowel 6 of 10; IPA uː. Built on the bearer ੳ ūṛā. After a consonant it is written as the sign ੂ, named dulaiṅkaṛă, as in ਕੂ kū.

Vowel signs on ਕ 9

  • Punjabi kā U+0A15 U+0A3E Gurmukhi letter ka with Gurmukhi vowel sign aa, named kannā. ਕ ka and ਆ ā make kā.
  • Punjabi kai U+0A15 U+0A48 Gurmukhi letter ka with Gurmukhi vowel sign ai, named dulāvā̃. ਕ ka and ਐ ai make kai.
  • Punjabi kau U+0A15 U+0A4C Gurmukhi letter ka with Gurmukhi vowel sign au, named kanauṛā. ਕ ka and ਔ au make kau.
  • Punjabi kē U+0A15 U+0A47 Gurmukhi letter ka with Gurmukhi vowel sign ee, named lā̃/lāvā̃. ਕ ka and ਏ ē make kē.
  • Punjabi ki U+0A15 U+0A3F Gurmukhi letter ka with Gurmukhi vowel sign i, named siā̀rī. ਕ ka and ਇ i make ki. It is drawn to the left of its consonant and read after it.
  • Punjabi kī U+0A15 U+0A40 Gurmukhi letter ka with Gurmukhi vowel sign ii, named biā̀rī. ਕ ka and ਈ ī make kī.
  • Punjabi kō U+0A15 U+0A4B Gurmukhi letter ka with Gurmukhi vowel sign oo, named hōṛā. ਕ ka and ਓ ō make kō.
  • Punjabi ku U+0A15 U+0A41 Gurmukhi letter ka with Gurmukhi vowel sign u, named auṅkaṛă. ਕ ka and ਉ u make ku.
  • Punjabi kū U+0A15 U+0A42 Gurmukhi letter ka with Gurmukhi vowel sign uu, named dulaiṅkaṛă. ਕ ka and ਊ ū make kū.

Other marks 6

  • áddakă U+0A15 U+0A71 Gurmukhi letter ka with Gurmukhi addak. The mark says that the consonant after it is doubled; it is written above the consonant before.
  • bindī U+0A15 U+0A3E U+0A02 Gurmukhi letter ka with Gurmukhi vowel sign aa and Gurmukhi sign bindi. A mark for a nasal sound, used with the long vowels; shown here on kā.
  • pairī̃ hāhā U+0A5C U+0A4D U+0A39 Gurmukhi letter rra, Gurmukhi sign virama and Gurmukhi letter ha. A small ਹ ha at the foot of a consonant makes no cluster: it marks a tone. The most common of the three letters at the feet; shown on ੜ, as in ਚੜ੍ਹ, climb.
  • pairī̃ rārā U+0A2A U+0A4D U+0A30 Gurmukhi letter pa, Gurmukhi sign virama and Gurmukhi letter ra. A small ਰ ra at the foot of a consonant makes a cluster: ਪ pa becomes pra.
  • pairī̃ vāvā U+0A38 U+0A4D U+0A35 Gurmukhi letter sa, Gurmukhi sign virama and Gurmukhi letter va. A small ਵ va at the foot of a consonant makes a cluster: ਸ sa becomes sva. Rare in modern use.
  • ṭippī U+0A15 U+0A70 Gurmukhi letter ka with Gurmukhi tippi. A mark for a nasal sound, used with the short vowels and with the sign ੂ.

Digits 10

  • Punjabi 0 U+0A66 Gurmukhi digit zero. Gurmukhi block, Unicode 1.1. Named ਸੁੰਨ, sunnă.
  • Punjabi 1 U+0A67 Gurmukhi digit one. Gurmukhi block, Unicode 1.1. Named ਇੱਕ, ikkă.
  • Punjabi 2 U+0A68 Gurmukhi digit two. Gurmukhi block, Unicode 1.1. Named ਦੋ, dō.
  • Punjabi 3 U+0A69 Gurmukhi digit three. Gurmukhi block, Unicode 1.1. Named ਤਿੰਨ, tinnă.
  • Punjabi 4 U+0A6A Gurmukhi digit four. Gurmukhi block, Unicode 1.1. Named ਚਾਰ, cāră.
  • Punjabi 5 U+0A6B Gurmukhi digit five. Gurmukhi block, Unicode 1.1. Named ਪੰਜ, panjă.
  • Punjabi 6 U+0A6C Gurmukhi digit six. Gurmukhi block, Unicode 1.1. Named ਛੇ, chē.
  • Punjabi 7 U+0A6D Gurmukhi digit seven. Gurmukhi block, Unicode 1.1. Named ਸੱਤ, sattă.
  • Punjabi 8 U+0A6E Gurmukhi digit eight. Gurmukhi block, Unicode 1.1. Named ਅੱਠ, aṭṭhă.
  • Punjabi 9 U+0A6F Gurmukhi digit nine. Gurmukhi block, Unicode 1.1. Named ਨੌਂ, na͠u.

How this list was compiled: Every character was checked against UnicodeData.txt, version 18.0.0 (https://www.unicode.org/Public/18.0.0/ucd/UnicodeData.txt): the code points and the character names in the notes come from that file, names in sentence case. Block names come from Blocks.txt (https://www.unicode.org/Public/18.0.0/ucd/Blocks.txt) and the Unicode version each character arrived in from DerivedAge.txt (https://www.unicode.org/Public/18.0.0/ucd/DerivedAge.txt), both version 18.0.0. Other names of a character come from NamesList.txt, version 18.0.0 (https://www.unicode.org/Public/18.0.0/ucd/NamesList.txt). Which letters are Punjabi's: the 35 letters are the single index characters of CLDR's Punjabi locale (https://github.com/unicode-org/cldr/blob/main/common/main/pa.xml), in the same order, and its exemplar characters hold the six letters with a dot, the ten vowel letters, the vowel signs and the three marks here. The seven rows of five, the name of each letter, its sound in Latin letters and in the International Phonetic Alphabet, the five tonal letters, the six letters with a dot and their names, the names of the vowel signs, the marks, the three letters written at the foot of a consonant and the names of the digits follow Wikipedia's Gurmukhi article (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurmukhi), restated in this site's own words. Which bearer a vowel letter is built on follows the order of CLDR's list, where each bearer stands in front of its vowel letters. Each vowel sign tile is ਕ with the sign added. The grouping is this site's own. Each tile was drawn on 2026-10-08 before it was kept, and all of them drew. All sources were read on 2026-10-08. Licence: own work

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