Because Symbol

Copy ∵, the because sign, and check it against ∴ so the right three dots go into your proof.

∵BecauseU+2235Ready to copy

17 because signs and look-alikes. Tap any value to copy it.

17 because signs and look-alikes. A character and its name both copy the character. A code copies the code.
CharacterNameCode pointHTMLLaTeX
U+2235. Three dots with two on top and one below: because. It is in neither Alt code table. ∵ in HTML; \because in LaTeX needs amssymb.
U+2234. The same three dots the other way up, one on top and two below: therefore, written before a conclusion. ∴ in HTML; \therefore in LaTeX needs amssymb.
Made of U+2235 and U+2234. The because sign and then the therefore sign, to paste as a pair.
Made of b, a slash and c from the keyboard. An abbreviation of because that needs no special character.
U+2E2A. A punctuation mark with its dots set as in ∵, two over one. It is not a math sign. Added in Unicode 5.1 (2008).

How it works

The because symbol is ∵, U+2235: three dots with two on top and one below. The other way up, with one dot on top, the sign is ∴ and says therefore.

Read the full guide

When the two were told apart

The two signs were not always kept apart: Johann Rahn's algebra of 1659 used the upright triangle for therefore, and its English edition of 1668 more often gave that meaning to the inverted one. Keeping ∵ for because alone appears to date from the 19th century.

  • With a Compose key, ∵ is Compose, period, colon, and ∴ is Compose, colon, period.

Questions and answers

What is the difference between ∵ and ∴?

The direction. ∵ has two dots on top and means because. ∴ has one dot on top, means therefore and goes before a conclusion: x + 1 = 10, ∴ x = 9.

How do I type the because symbol?

No key carries ∵, and it is in neither Alt code table. Write ∵ or ∵ in HTML and \because in LaTeX with the amssymb package. Apps that read an Alt code above 255 as a code point type it with Alt+8757.

Which other characters look like ∵?

⸪ is a punctuation mark with the same two dots over one. ஃ is a sign of the Tamil script, ⛬ marks a historic site on a map and ⁂ is three asterisks. None of them means because.

All 17 because signs and look-alikes

Start here 5

  • Because U+2235. Three dots with two on top and one below: because. It is in neither Alt code table. ∵ in HTML; \because in LaTeX needs amssymb.
  • Because, typed Made of b, a slash and c from the keyboard. An abbreviation of because that needs no special character.
  • Both signs Made of U+2235 and U+2234. The because sign and then the therefore sign, to paste as a pair.
  • Therefore U+2234. The same three dots the other way up, one on top and two below: therefore, written before a conclusion. ∴ in HTML; \therefore in LaTeX needs amssymb.
  • Two dots over one dot punctuation U+2E2A. A punctuation mark with its dots set as in ∵, two over one. It is not a math sign. Added in Unicode 5.1 (2008).

Ready-made 1

  • Open o and colon Made of the open o, U+0254, and a colon. Unicode's note on the letter: in older Danish usage this pair stands for that is.
Show all 17 because signs and look-alikes (11 more)

Not because 11

  • Arabic symbol three dots above U+FBB6. By its Unicode name, three dots above: a mark of Arabic letters shown on its own, for writing about the script. Added in Unicode 6.0 (2010).
  • Arabic symbol three dots pointing downwards above U+FBB8. By its Unicode name, three dots pointing downwards: a mark of Arabic letters shown on its own, for writing about the script. Added in Unicode 6.0 (2010).
  • Arabic triple dot punctuation mark U+061E. A triple dot of Arabic-script punctuation, by its Unicode name. Added in Unicode 4.1 (2005).
  • Asterism U+2042. Three asterisks in a triangle, used to mark a minor break in a text.
  • Georgian paragraph separator U+10FB. A paragraph separator of Georgian text, by its Unicode name, which Unicode cross-refers to ⁖.
  • Historic site U+26EC. A map sign with thicker dots, which Unicode cross-refers to ∴. Added in Unicode 5.2 (2009).
  • NKo symbol gbakurunen U+07F7. A mark of the NKo script. Unicode's notes: it marks the end of a major section of text, and it represents the three stones holding a cooking pot over a fire. Added in Unicode 5.0 (2006).
  • One dot over two dots punctuation U+2E2B. A punctuation mark with its dots set as in ∴, one over two. Added in Unicode 5.1 (2008).
  • Proportion U+2237. Four dots, not three: the sign of a proportion, by its Unicode name. ∷ in HTML.
  • Tamil sign visarga U+0B83. A sign of the Tamil script that stands for a sound; Unicode's other name for it is aytham. A font may draw its three dots as rings.
  • Three dot punctuation U+2056. Three dots as a punctuation mark, which Unicode cross-refers to the Georgian paragraph separator. Added in Unicode 4.1 (2005).

How this list was compiled: Names, and the code points they belong to, are checked against UnicodeData.txt, version 18.0.0 (https://www.unicode.org/Public/18.0.0/ucd/UnicodeData.txt), and printed in sentence case. The other names Unicode gives a character, its notes and its cross-references quote NamesList.txt of the same version (https://www.unicode.org/Public/18.0.0/ucd/NamesList.txt), and what a character is built from is its decomposition in UnicodeData.txt; the version a character was added in is from DerivedAge.txt (https://www.unicode.org/Public/18.0.0/ucd/DerivedAge.txt), which characters are emoji is from emoji-data.txt of the same version, and the years are from https://www.unicode.org/history/publicationdates.html. Alt codes are from the code page 437 table (https://www.unicode.org/Public/MAPPINGS/VENDORS/MICSFT/PC/CP437.TXT), the PC graphics table for codes 1 to 31 (https://www.unicode.org/Public/MAPPINGS/VENDORS/MISC/IBMGRAPH.TXT) and the code page 1252 table (https://www.unicode.org/Public/MAPPINGS/VENDORS/MICSFT/WINDOWS/CP1252.TXT); a character in none of them has no Alt code here. That some apps, rich text editors in particular, read an Alt code from 256 to 65,535 as a Unicode code point: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alt_code. HTML entity names are from https://html.spec.whatwg.org/entities.json. LaTeX macros are listed only when LaTeX's own fontdef.dtx or ltoutenc.dtx (https://github.com/latex3/latex2e/tree/develop/base) or the amssymb source (https://ctan.org/pkg/amsfonts) defines them, matched to a code point through unicode-math-table.tex (https://github.com/latex3/unicode-math). Compose sequences are from the X.org en_US.UTF-8 Compose file (https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/xorg/lib/libx11/-/blob/master/nls/en_US.UTF-8/Compose.pre). What the two signs mean, the upright and the inverted triangle, where the therefore sign is written, the editions of 1659 and 1668, when the two meanings were kept apart, the amssymb package, and the look-alikes (the Tamil sign, the asterism, the map sign, the NKo mark and the open o with a colon); the two Arabic rows follow Unicode's heading for them, spacing symbols for letter marks considered in isolation: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Therefore_sign, read as wikitext on 2026-10-14 and restated in this site's own words. That b/c abbreviates because: https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/b/c, read the same day. Rows described by their Unicode name say no more than the name and Unicode's own notes do. The Start here group, the made rows and the order are this site's own choice. Licence: own work (facts from the Unicode Character Database, Unicode License v3, and from Wikipedia and Wiktionary, CC BY-SA 4.0, restated in this site's own words; aliases and notes marked as Unicode's are quoted from NamesList.txt, Copyright © 1991-2026 Unicode, Inc., https://www.unicode.org/license.txt)