Copy ∏, the product sign, and tell it from Π, the Greek letter it derives from.
Product Symbol
∏N-ary productU+220FReady to copy
30 product signs and look-alikes. Tap any value to copy it.
30 product signs and look-alikes. A character and its name both copy the character. A code copies the code.
Character
Name
Code point
Alt code
Option keys
HTML
LaTeX
U+220F. The product sign: written before a term, it multiplies every term of a sequence, as ∑ adds them. Option+Shift+P, ∏ in HTML and \prod in LaTeX.
U+03A0. The Greek capital letter that the product sign derives from. Unicode keeps the two apart and cross-refers each to the other. Π in HTML and \Pi in LaTeX.
U+2211. The summation sign, which derives from the capital sigma as ∏ does from the capital pi. Option+W, ∑ in HTML and \sum in LaTeX.
U+00D7. The multiplication sign between two factors. The same sign writes the cross product of two vectors and the Cartesian product of two sets. Alt+0215 on a number pad, × in HTML and \times in LaTeX.
U+22C5. The dot operator, the sign the dot product is named after. Unicode's note prefers it to the middle dot for multiplication. ⋅ in HTML and \cdot in LaTeX.
U+2210. The product sign upside down. Unicode's other name for it is coproduct sign; in category theory the coproduct is the dual notion to the product. ∐ in HTML and \coprod in LaTeX.
Made of U+220F, x and the subscript i, U+1D62. The product of the terms x with index i, with the limits left out.
Made of n and an exclamation mark from the keyboard. The factorial, the product of every whole number from 1 to n; 0! is 1 by the rule for an empty product.
U+2A09. A large times sign that Unicode cross-refers to ×. It has no named HTML entity. Added in Unicode 3.2 (2002).
U+2A02. The large form of ⊗. ⨂ in HTML and \bigotimes in LaTeX. Added in Unicode 3.2 (2002).
U+2A00. The large form of ⊙. ⨀ in HTML and \bigodot in LaTeX. Added in Unicode 3.2 (2002).
Made of a, U+00D7 and b. Between two vectors it is read a cross b; between two sets it is their Cartesian product.
U+2A2F. A times sign of its own for the vector product, which Unicode cross-refers to ×. ⨯ in HTML. Added in Unicode 3.2 (2002).
U+2297. Unicode's other name for it is tensor product. ⊗ in HTML and \otimes in LaTeX.
U+2299. Unicode's other name for it is direct product. ⊙ in HTML and \odot in LaTeX.
U+22CA. The usual sign of the semidirect product of two groups: a times sign combined with ◁, the mark of a normal subgroup. ⋊ in HTML; \rtimes in LaTeX needs amssymb.
U+22C9. The mirror image of ⋊: H ⋉ N says the same as N ⋊ H. ⋉ in HTML; \ltimes in LaTeX needs amssymb.
U+22CB. A left semidirect product, by its Unicode name. ⋋ in HTML; \leftthreetimes in LaTeX needs amssymb.
U+22CC. A right semidirect product, by its Unicode name. ⋌ in HTML; \rightthreetimes in LaTeX needs amssymb.
U+2A32. A semidirect product sign with its bottom closed, by its Unicode name. Added in Unicode 3.2 (2002).
U+2240. The wreath product, a way of combining two groups that is built on the semidirect product. ≀ in HTML and \wr in LaTeX.
U+2A33. The smash product of two pointed spaces in topology, also written with ∧. ⨳ in HTML. Added in Unicode 3.2 (2002).
U+2A3C. The interior product of a differential form with a vector field, by its Unicode name. ⨼ in HTML. Added in Unicode 3.2 (2002).
U+2A3D. The righthand interior product, by its Unicode name. It has no named HTML entity. Added in Unicode 3.2 (2002).
U+29E2. The shuffle product of two words, the sum of all ways of interlacing them. The sign derives from the Cyrillic letter sha. Added in Unicode 3.2 (2002).
U+2A3F. An amalgamation or coproduct sign of its own, by its Unicode name; Unicode cross-refers it to ∐. ⨿ in HTML and \amalg in LaTeX. Added in Unicode 3.2 (2002).
U+2A50. A closed union sign combined with the smash product sign, by its Unicode name. ⩐ in HTML. Added in Unicode 3.2 (2002).
U+041F. The Cyrillic letter that arose from the Greek pi. A letter, not an operator. П in HTML.
U+213F. The Greek capital pi in the double-struck style, by its decomposition: a letter and not the operator. Added in Unicode 3.2 (2002).
U+2293. A square cap, by its Unicode name, and not a product sign. ⊓ in HTML and \sqcap in LaTeX.
The product symbol is ∏, N-ary product, U+220F: written before a term, it multiplies every term of a sequence, the way ∑ adds them. The Greek capital pi, Π, U+03A0, looks alike and is a separate character.
Read the full guide
The operator and the letter
∏ derives from the capital pi, as ∑ does from the capital sigma, and Unicode gives each sign a code point apart from its letter. ∏ gives the sign and Π the letter. A formula takes ∏, Greek text takes Π.
Reading it
The index under ∏ gives the first term and the number over it the last. The product of i + 1 for i from 1 to 4 is 2 × 3 × 4 × 5, which is 120. A product with no terms at all, the empty product, is 1.
Questions and answers
How do I type the product symbol?
Option+Shift+P on the U.S. layout, ∏ in HTML and \prod in LaTeX, which needs no package. It is in neither Alt code table; apps that read an Alt code above 255 as a code point type it with Alt+8719.
What symbol stands for the product of two numbers?
× or ⋅ between them: 3 × 5 or 3 ⋅ 5. The same × writes the cross product of two vectors and the Cartesian product of two sets, and ⊗ is the tensor product.
What is the upside-down product symbol?
∐, N-ary coproduct, U+2210. In category theory the coproduct is the dual notion to the product. It is ∐ in HTML and \coprod in LaTeX.
All 30 product signs and look-alikes
Start here 8
⋅Dot operatorU+22C5. The dot operator, the sign the dot product is named after. Unicode's note prefers it to the middle dot for multiplication. ⋅ in HTML and \cdot in LaTeX.
n!Factorial of nMade of n and an exclamation mark from the keyboard. The factorial, the product of every whole number from 1 to n; 0! is 1 by the rule for an empty product.
ΠGreek capital letter piU+03A0. The Greek capital letter that the product sign derives from. Unicode keeps the two apart and cross-refers each to the other. Π in HTML and \Pi in LaTeX.
×Multiplication signU+00D7. The multiplication sign between two factors. The same sign writes the cross product of two vectors and the Cartesian product of two sets. Alt+0215 on a number pad, × in HTML and \times in LaTeX.
∐N-ary coproductU+2210. The product sign upside down. Unicode's other name for it is coproduct sign; in category theory the coproduct is the dual notion to the product. ∐ in HTML and \coprod in LaTeX.
∏N-ary productU+220F. The product sign: written before a term, it multiplies every term of a sequence, as ∑ adds them. Option+Shift+P, ∏ in HTML and \prod in LaTeX.
∑N-ary summationU+2211. The summation sign, which derives from the capital sigma as ∏ does from the capital pi. Option+W, ∑ in HTML and \sum in LaTeX.
∏xᵢProduct of x sub iMade of U+220F, x and the subscript i, U+1D62. The product of the terms x with index i, with the limits left out.
Show all 30 product signs and look-alikes (22 more)
Big operators 3
⨀N-ary circled dot operatorU+2A00. The large form of ⊙. ⨀ in HTML and \bigodot in LaTeX. Added in Unicode 3.2 (2002).
⨂N-ary circled times operatorU+2A02. The large form of ⊗. ⨂ in HTML and \bigotimes in LaTeX. Added in Unicode 3.2 (2002).
⨉N-ary times operatorU+2A09. A large times sign that Unicode cross-refers to ×. It has no named HTML entity. Added in Unicode 3.2 (2002).
Ready-made 1
a×bA cross bMade of a, U+00D7 and b. Between two vectors it is read a cross b; between two sets it is their Cartesian product.
Named products 15
⨿Amalgamation or coproductU+2A3F. An amalgamation or coproduct sign of its own, by its Unicode name; Unicode cross-refers it to ∐. ⨿ in HTML and \amalg in LaTeX. Added in Unicode 3.2 (2002).
⊙Circled dot operatorU+2299. Unicode's other name for it is direct product. ⊙ in HTML and \odot in LaTeX.
⊗Circled timesU+2297. Unicode's other name for it is tensor product. ⊗ in HTML and \otimes in LaTeX.
⩐Closed union with serifs and smash productU+2A50. A closed union sign combined with the smash product sign, by its Unicode name. ⩐ in HTML. Added in Unicode 3.2 (2002).
⨼Interior productU+2A3C. The interior product of a differential form with a vector field, by its Unicode name. ⨼ in HTML. Added in Unicode 3.2 (2002).
⋉Left normal factor semidirect productU+22C9. The mirror image of ⋊: H ⋉ N says the same as N ⋊ H. ⋉ in HTML; \ltimes in LaTeX needs amssymb.
⋋Left semidirect productU+22CB. A left semidirect product, by its Unicode name. ⋋ in HTML; \leftthreetimes in LaTeX needs amssymb.
⋊Right normal factor semidirect productU+22CA. The usual sign of the semidirect product of two groups: a times sign combined with ◁, the mark of a normal subgroup. ⋊ in HTML; \rtimes in LaTeX needs amssymb.
⋌Right semidirect productU+22CC. A right semidirect product, by its Unicode name. ⋌ in HTML; \rightthreetimes in LaTeX needs amssymb.
⨽Righthand interior productU+2A3D. The righthand interior product, by its Unicode name. It has no named HTML entity. Added in Unicode 3.2 (2002).
⨲Semidirect product with bottom closedU+2A32. A semidirect product sign with its bottom closed, by its Unicode name. Added in Unicode 3.2 (2002).
⧢Shuffle productU+29E2. The shuffle product of two words, the sum of all ways of interlacing them. The sign derives from the Cyrillic letter sha. Added in Unicode 3.2 (2002).
⨳Smash productU+2A33. The smash product of two pointed spaces in topology, also written with ∧. ⨳ in HTML. Added in Unicode 3.2 (2002).
⨯Vector or cross productU+2A2F. A times sign of its own for the vector product, which Unicode cross-refers to ×. ⨯ in HTML. Added in Unicode 3.2 (2002).
≀Wreath productU+2240. The wreath product, a way of combining two groups that is built on the semidirect product. ≀ in HTML and \wr in LaTeX.
Look-alikes 3
ПCyrillic capital letter peU+041F. The Cyrillic letter that arose from the Greek pi. A letter, not an operator. П in HTML.
ℿDouble-struck capital piU+213F. The Greek capital pi in the double-struck style, by its decomposition: a letter and not the operator. Added in Unicode 3.2 (2002).
⊓Square capU+2293. A square cap, by its Unicode name, and not a product sign. ⊓ in HTML and \sqcap in LaTeX.