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Integral Symbol Copy Paste
∫IntegralU+222BReady to copy
52 symbols. Tap any value to copy it.
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52 symbols. A character and its name both copy the character. A code copies the code.
Character
Name
Code point
Alt code
Option keys
HTML
LaTeX
U+222B. Leibniz's sign of 1675, drawn from the long s. No Alt code; Option+B, ∫ in HTML, \int in LaTeX.
U+222C. Two integral signs in one character. ∬ in HTML, with a capital I; \iint in LaTeX needs the amsmath package.
U+222D. Three in one character. ∭ in HTML; \iiint in LaTeX needs the amsmath package.
U+222E. The integral sign with a circle across it. ∮ in HTML, \oint in LaTeX with no package.
U+222F. Two signs under one circle, used for a closed surface. ∯ in HTML. \oiint is in neither the LaTeX kernel nor amsmath.
Made of U+222B, U+2090 and U+1D47. The sign with a lowered a and a raised b after it, the way limits sit in English books. Plain text cannot stack them above and below.
Made of U+222B, U+0064 and U+0078. The sign and dx, ready to take a function between them.
U+2202. The curly d of a partial derivative. Option+D, ∂ in HTML, \partial in LaTeX.
U+221E. A limit of integration when the range has no end. Alt+236 on a number pad, Option+5, Compose 8 8, ∞ in HTML, \infty in LaTeX.
U+2211. The sign for a sum: Leibniz saw the integral as an infinite sum of infinitesimal summands. Option+W, ∑ in HTML, \sum in LaTeX. No Alt code: Alt+228 types the Greek letter Σ.
U+2A0C. Four in one character. Added in Unicode 3.2 (2002), nine years after the double and triple. ⨌ in HTML; \iiiint in LaTeX needs the amsmath package.
Made of U+222B. Two separate characters, which Unicode gives as the compatibility form of ∬. For a font that has no double integral.
Made of U+222B. Three separate characters, Unicode's compatibility form of ∭.
U+2230. Three signs under one circle, used for a closed volume. ∰ in HTML.
U+2A15. Unicode cross-references it to the contour integral. ⨕ in HTML. Added in Unicode 3.2 (2002).
U+2231. An integral sign with a clockwise arrow. ∱ in HTML. In Unicode since version 1.1 (1993).
U+2A11. The anticlockwise partner of ∱, added in Unicode 3.2 (2002). ⨑ in HTML.
U+2232. The contour integral with a clockwise arrow on its circle. ∲ in HTML.
U+2233. Unicode's note: clockwise or anticlockwise arrows do not reverse during layout mirroring. ∳ in HTML.
U+2A17. An integral sign crossed by a hooked arrow. ⨗ in HTML.
U+2A0D. An integral sign with one bar through it. ⨍ in HTML.
U+2A0E. Two bars through the sign. No named HTML entity.
U+2A0F. A slash through the sign, for an average. No named HTML entity.
U+2A1B. Unicode's note: upper integral. No named HTML entity.
U+2A1C. Unicode's note: lower integral. No named HTML entity.
U+2A18. A multiplication cross on the sign. Added in Unicode 3.2 (2002).
U+2A19. The set sign ∩ on the integral. Added in Unicode 3.2 (2002).
U+2A1A. The set sign ∪ on the integral. Added in Unicode 3.2 (2002).
U+2A16. A square on the sign. ⨖ in HTML.
U+2A12. One of three signs for a path near a pole. ⨒ in HTML.
U+2A13. The path bends round the pole in a half circle. ⨓ in HTML.
U+2A14. The path leaves the pole out. ⨔ in HTML.
U+2A10. ⨐ in HTML. Added in Unicode 3.2 (2002); it may need a maths font.
U+2A0B. A summation sign and an integral sign drawn as one. No named HTML entity.
Made of U+222B, U+2080 and U+00B9. A lowered 0 and a raised 1 after the sign. Swap them for ₐ and ᵇ, or for any of the raised and lowered digits.
Made of U+222C, U+0064 and U+0041. The double integral with an area element.
Made of U+222D, U+0064 and U+0056. The triple integral with a volume element.
U+2146. Unicode's note: sometimes used for the differential. ⅆ in HTML. Added in Unicode 3.2 (2002).
U+2207. Unicode's notes: gradient, del. ∇ in HTML, \nabla in LaTeX.
U+2112. Unicode's note: Laplace transform. ℒ in HTML.
U+2131. Unicode's note: Fourier transform. ℱ in HTML.
U+2080. A lower limit. Compose _ 0. No Alt code and no named HTML entity.
U+00B9. An upper limit. Alt+0185 on a number pad, Compose ^ 1, ¹ in HTML.
U+2090. A lower limit. Added in Unicode 4.1 (2005). There is no lowered b: ᵇ exists only raised.
U+1D47. An upper limit, a raised b from the phonetic blocks. Added in Unicode 4.0 (2003).
U+2320. Alt+244 on a number pad. Code page 437 built a tall integral from this piece on one line and Alt+245 on the line below.
U+2321. Alt+245 on a number pad, the lower piece. Later code pages dropped both halves, and Unicode kept them.
U+23AE. The straight piece that lengthens the sign between its two halves. Added in Unicode 3.2 (2002); no Alt code.
U+2502. Alt+179 on a number pad: the box line that code page 437 used as the middle piece. │ in HTML.
U+0283. A letter of the International Phonetic Alphabet, not an integral sign. Unicode's note: voiceless postalveolar fricative.
U+017F. The letter the sign was drawn from. Unicode's note: in common use in Roman types until the 18th century. Compose f s.
U+0192. Unicode's notes: script f, florin, function symbol. Alt+159 or Alt+0131 on a number pad, Option+F, ƒ in HTML.
The integral symbol is ∫, Integral, U+222B, which Leibniz drew from the long s, ſ. The 52 rows add the double ∬, the triple ∭, the contour ∮ and the closed surface ∯, integrals with arrows and bars, and ∫ₐᵇ with its limits in place.
Read the full guide
Where the limits go
In a line of text the limits follow the sign, one lowered and one raised: ∫ₐᵇ. English books set them to the right like this. German and Russian books stack them above and below, which a line of text cannot do. The sign differs too: the English one leans right, the German one stands upright and the Russian one leans slightly left.
Tips
LaTeX sets the limits of \int to the right, with \nolimits. \int\limits stacks them once, and the amsmath option intlimits switches every \int to \displaylimits.
\iint, \iiint, \iiiint and \idotsint come with the amsmath package. \oiint, for ∯, is in neither the LaTeX kernel nor amsmath.
Code page 437 built a tall integral from ⌠ and ⌡, with │ to lengthen it. Code page 850 replaced both with ¶ and §.
Questions and answers
Is there a key or an Alt code for the integral symbol?
On a Mac with the U.S. layout, Option+B types ∫. No Alt code does: Alt+244 and Alt+245 on the number pad type only its halves, ⌠ and ⌡.
What is the HTML code for the integral symbol?
∫ or ∫ for ∫, or ∫ in hexadecimal. The double ∬ is ∬ with a capital I, the triple ∭ is ∭, the quadruple ⨌ is ⨌ and the contour ∮ is ∮.
What do ∬, ∭, ∮ and ∯ mean?
∬ is the double integral and ∭ the triple, each one character. ∮ is the contour integral, the sign with a circle across it. ∯ is a surface integral over a closed surface, and ∰ a volume integral over a closed volume.
Who invented the integral symbol?
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, in private writings of 1675. It reached print in Acta Eruditorum in June 1686. He based it on the long s, ſ, because he saw the integral as an infinite sum of infinitesimal summands. The look-alike ʃ, esh, is a phonetic letter.
∮Contour integralU+222E. The integral sign with a circle across it. ∮ in HTML, \oint in LaTeX with no package.
∬Double integralU+222C. Two integral signs in one character. ∬ in HTML, with a capital I; \iint in LaTeX needs the amsmath package.
∞InfinityU+221E. A limit of integration when the range has no end. Alt+236 on a number pad, Option+5, Compose 8 8, ∞ in HTML, \infty in LaTeX.
∫IntegralU+222B. Leibniz's sign of 1675, drawn from the long s. No Alt code; Option+B, ∫ in HTML, \int in LaTeX.
∫dxIntegral dxMade of U+222B, U+0064 and U+0078. The sign and dx, ready to take a function between them.
∫ₐᵇIntegral from a to bMade of U+222B, U+2090 and U+1D47. The sign with a lowered a and a raised b after it, the way limits sit in English books. Plain text cannot stack them above and below.
∑N-ary summationU+2211. The sign for a sum: Leibniz saw the integral as an infinite sum of infinitesimal summands. Option+W, ∑ in HTML, \sum in LaTeX. No Alt code: Alt+228 types the Greek letter Σ.
∂Partial differentialU+2202. The curly d of a partial derivative. Option+D, ∂ in HTML, \partial in LaTeX.
∯Surface integralU+222F. Two signs under one circle, used for a closed surface. ∯ in HTML. \oiint is in neither the LaTeX kernel nor amsmath.
∭Triple integralU+222D. Three in one character. ∭ in HTML; \iiint in LaTeX needs the amsmath package.
Show all 52 symbols (42 more)
Double, triple and quadruple 5
∬dADouble integral dAMade of U+222C, U+0064 and U+0041. The double integral with an area element.
⨌Quadruple integral operatorU+2A0C. Four in one character. Added in Unicode 3.2 (2002), nine years after the double and triple. ⨌ in HTML; \iiiint in LaTeX needs the amsmath package.
∫∫∫Three integral signsMade of U+222B. Three separate characters, Unicode's compatibility form of ∭.
∭dVTriple integral dVMade of U+222D, U+0064 and U+0056. The triple integral with a volume element.
∫∫Two integral signsMade of U+222B. Two separate characters, which Unicode gives as the compatibility form of ∬. For a font that has no double integral.
With a circle 4
∳Anticlockwise contour integralU+2233. Unicode's note: clockwise or anticlockwise arrows do not reverse during layout mirroring. ∳ in HTML.
∲Clockwise contour integralU+2232. The contour integral with a clockwise arrow on its circle. ∲ in HTML.
⨕Integral around A point operatorU+2A15. Unicode cross-references it to the contour integral. ⨕ in HTML. Added in Unicode 3.2 (2002).
∰Volume integralU+2230. Three signs under one circle, used for a closed volume. ∰ in HTML.
With an arrow 3
⨑Anticlockwise integrationU+2A11. The anticlockwise partner of ∱, added in Unicode 3.2 (2002). ⨑ in HTML.
∱Clockwise integralU+2231. An integral sign with a clockwise arrow. ∱ in HTML. In Unicode since version 1.1 (1993).
⨗Integral with leftwards arrow with hookU+2A17. An integral sign crossed by a hooked arrow. ⨗ in HTML.
With a bar, a slash or a sign 14
⨐Circulation functionU+2A10. ⨐ in HTML. Added in Unicode 3.2 (2002); it may need a maths font.
⨍Finite part integralU+2A0D. An integral sign with one bar through it. ⨍ in HTML.
⨏Integral average with slashU+2A0F. A slash through the sign, for an average. No named HTML entity.
⨎Integral with double strokeU+2A0E. Two bars through the sign. No named HTML entity.
⨙Integral with intersectionU+2A19. The set sign ∩ on the integral. Added in Unicode 3.2 (2002).
⨛Integral with overbarU+2A1B. Unicode's note: upper integral. No named HTML entity.
⨘Integral with times signU+2A18. A multiplication cross on the sign. Added in Unicode 3.2 (2002).
⨜Integral with underbarU+2A1C. Unicode's note: lower integral. No named HTML entity.
⨚Integral with unionU+2A1A. The set sign ∪ on the integral. Added in Unicode 3.2 (2002).
⨔Line integration not including the poleU+2A14. The path leaves the pole out. ⨔ in HTML.
⨒Line integration with rectangular path around poleU+2A12. One of three signs for a path near a pole. ⨒ in HTML.
⨓Line integration with semicircular path around poleU+2A13. The path bends round the pole in a half circle. ⨓ in HTML.
⨖Quaternion integral operatorU+2A16. A square on the sign. ⨖ in HTML.
⨋Summation with integralU+2A0B. A summation sign and an integral sign drawn as one. No named HTML entity.
Ready to type 1
∫₀¹Integral from zero to oneMade of U+222B, U+2080 and U+00B9. A lowered 0 and a raised 1 after the sign. Swap them for ₐ and ᵇ, or for any of the raised and lowered digits.
Written next to it 8
ⅆDouble-struck italic small dU+2146. Unicode's note: sometimes used for the differential. ⅆ in HTML. Added in Unicode 3.2 (2002).
ₐLatin subscript small letter aU+2090. A lower limit. Added in Unicode 4.1 (2005). There is no lowered b: ᵇ exists only raised.
ᵇModifier letter small bU+1D47. An upper limit, a raised b from the phonetic blocks. Added in Unicode 4.0 (2003).
∇NablaU+2207. Unicode's notes: gradient, del. ∇ in HTML, \nabla in LaTeX.
ℱScript capital FU+2131. Unicode's note: Fourier transform. ℱ in HTML.
ℒScript capital LU+2112. Unicode's note: Laplace transform. ℒ in HTML.
₀Subscript zeroU+2080. A lower limit. Compose _ 0. No Alt code and no named HTML entity.
¹Superscript oneU+00B9. An upper limit. Alt+0185 on a number pad, Compose ^ 1, ¹ in HTML.
Pieces of a tall integral 4
⌡Bottom half integralU+2321. Alt+245 on a number pad, the lower piece. Later code pages dropped both halves, and Unicode kept them.
│Box drawings light verticalU+2502. Alt+179 on a number pad: the box line that code page 437 used as the middle piece. │ in HTML.
⎮Integral extensionU+23AE. The straight piece that lengthens the sign between its two halves. Added in Unicode 3.2 (2002); no Alt code.
⌠Top half integralU+2320. Alt+244 on a number pad. Code page 437 built a tall integral from this piece on one line and Alt+245 on the line below.
Look-alikes 3
ʃLatin small letter eshU+0283. A letter of the International Phonetic Alphabet, not an integral sign. Unicode's note: voiceless postalveolar fricative.
ƒLatin small letter f with hookU+0192. Unicode's notes: script f, florin, function symbol. Alt+159 or Alt+0131 on a number pad, Option+F, ƒ in HTML.
ſLatin small letter long sU+017F. The letter the sign was drawn from. Unicode's note: in common use in Roman types until the 18th century. Compose f s.