Greek Letters

Greek lettering to copy: every letter, small and capital, with its name, its place and its codes.

Greek Letters

αGreek small letter alphaU+03B1Ready to copy

63 Greek letters. Tap any value to copy it.

63 Greek letters. A character and its name both copy the character. A code copies the code.
CharacterNameCode pointAlt codeOption keysHTMLLaTeX
U+03B1. Alpha, the first of the 24 letters. Written a in Latin letters. As a symbol: the first angle of a triangle, and statistical significance.
U+03B2. Beta, the second of the 24 letters. Written b in Latin letters. As a symbol: the second angle of a triangle, and the false negative rate in statistics.
U+03B3. Gamma, the third of the 24 letters. Written g in Latin letters. As a symbol: the third angle of a triangle, and the Lorentz factor of special relativity.
U+03B4. Delta, the fourth of the 24 letters. Written d in Latin letters. As a symbol: the Kronecker delta and the Dirac delta function.
U+03B5. Epsilon, the fifth of the 24 letters. Written e in Latin letters. As a symbol: a small positive quantity, and permittivity.
U+03B6. Zeta, the sixth of the 24 letters. Written z in Latin letters. As a symbol: the Riemann zeta function, and the damping ratio.
U+03B7. Eta, the seventh of the 24 letters. Written ē in Latin letters. As a symbol: viscosity and efficiency.
U+03B8. Theta, the eighth of the 24 letters. Written th in Latin letters. As a symbol: an angle in geometry.
U+03B9. Iota, the ninth of the 24 letters. Written i in Latin letters. As a symbol: an inclusion map in set theory; it is rarely used, because it looks like the Latin i.
U+03BA. Kappa, the tenth of the 24 letters. Written c or k in Latin letters. As a symbol: curvature, and a matrix's condition number.
U+03BB. Lambda, the eleventh of the 24 letters. Written l in Latin letters. As a symbol: wavelength, and an eigenvalue in linear algebra.
U+03BC. Mu, the twelfth of the 24 letters. Written m in Latin letters. As a symbol: the population mean in statistics, and the prefix micro.
U+03BD. Nu, the thirteenth of the 24 letters. Written n in Latin letters. As a symbol: frequency in physics, and the neutrino.
U+03BE. Xi, the fourteenth of the 24 letters. Written x in Latin letters. As a symbol: the extent of a reaction, and the Riemann xi function.
U+03BF. Omicron, the fifteenth of the 24 letters. Written o in Latin letters. Rarely used as a symbol, because it looks like the Latin o.
U+03C0. Pi, the sixteenth of the 24 letters. Written p in Latin letters. As a symbol: a circle's circumference divided by its diameter, about 3.14159.
U+03C1. Rho, the seventeenth of the 24 letters. Written r or rh in Latin letters. As a symbol: density, and a correlation coefficient in statistics.
U+03C3. Sigma, the eighteenth of the 24 letters. Written s in Latin letters. As a symbol: the population standard deviation, and the Stefan–Boltzmann constant.
U+03C2. The form of small sigma that is written at the end of a word. Written s in Latin letters.
U+03C4. Tau, the nineteenth of the 24 letters. Written t in Latin letters. As a symbol: torque, and proper time in relativity.
U+03C5. Upsilon, the twentieth of the 24 letters. Written y or u in Latin letters. Rarely used as a symbol, because it looks like the Latin u.
U+03C6. Phi, the twenty-first of the 24 letters. Written ph in Latin letters. As a symbol: the golden ratio, and Euler's totient function.
U+03C7. Chi, the twenty-second of the 24 letters. Written ch or kh in Latin letters. As a symbol: the chi distribution of statistics, and the chromatic number of a graph.
U+03C8. Psi, the twenty-third of the 24 letters. Written ps in Latin letters. As a symbol: the stream function of fluid dynamics.
U+03C9. Omega, the twenty-fourth of the 24 letters. Written ō in Latin letters. As a symbol: angular velocity.

Next step Every Alt code in one table

How it works

The 24 Greek alphabet letters in order, alpha to omega: lowercase first, then capitals, six symbol forms and four old letters. The list gives each small letter its name, Latin letter and use as a symbol; every row has codes.

Read the full guide

Greek letter names in order

Alpha α, beta β, gamma γ, delta δ, epsilon ε, zeta ζ, eta η, theta θ, iota ι, kappa κ, lambda λ, mu μ, nu ν, xi ξ, omicron ο, pi π, rho ρ, sigma σ, tau τ, upsilon υ, phi φ, chi χ, psi ψ, omega ω.

Greek letters in math and statistics

Common symbols: π for the circle constant, θ for an angle, Δ for a difference, Σ for a sum, μ for a population mean, σ for a standard deviation and χ for a distribution in statistics. Capitals shaped like Latin letters, such as Α and Β, are rarely used.

  • Lower case sigma has two forms: σ inside a word and ς at its end.

Questions and answers

What are the Alt codes for Greek letters?

Twelve have one, typed on the number pad: α 224, Γ 226, π 227, Σ 228, σ 229, τ 231, Φ 232, Θ 233, Ω 234, δ 235, φ 237 and ε 238. Alt+230 types the micro sign µ, not mu.

Which Greek letter is the symbol for frequency?

Nu, ν, the thirteenth letter, stands for frequency in physics. Lambda, λ, the eleventh, stands for wavelength.

Which ancient Greek letters are no longer in the alphabet?

Digamma Ϝ, koppa Ϟ and sampi Ϡ dropped out and were kept as the numerals 6, 90 and 900. Stigma, Ϛ, was first the name of a medieval ligature of sigma and tau, and it also stands for 6.

What are the Unicode code points of the Greek letters?

They are in the Greek and Coptic block, U+0370 to U+03FF. The capitals run from U+0391 to U+03A9 and the small letters from U+03B1 to U+03C9. U+03A2 is left empty, and final sigma is U+03C2.

How do you write Greek letters in Matplotlib?

Put the LaTeX command of the letter between dollar signs in the text of a label, as in $\alpha$ or $\Omega$. The LaTeX column of the table has the command of each letter that has one.

All 63 Greek letters

Small letters 25

  • Greek small letter alpha U+03B1. Alpha, the first of the 24 letters. Written a in Latin letters. As a symbol: the first angle of a triangle, and statistical significance.
  • Greek small letter beta U+03B2. Beta, the second of the 24 letters. Written b in Latin letters. As a symbol: the second angle of a triangle, and the false negative rate in statistics.
  • Greek small letter chi U+03C7. Chi, the twenty-second of the 24 letters. Written ch or kh in Latin letters. As a symbol: the chi distribution of statistics, and the chromatic number of a graph.
  • Greek small letter delta U+03B4. Delta, the fourth of the 24 letters. Written d in Latin letters. As a symbol: the Kronecker delta and the Dirac delta function.
  • Greek small letter epsilon U+03B5. Epsilon, the fifth of the 24 letters. Written e in Latin letters. As a symbol: a small positive quantity, and permittivity.
  • Greek small letter eta U+03B7. Eta, the seventh of the 24 letters. Written ē in Latin letters. As a symbol: viscosity and efficiency.
  • Greek small letter final sigma U+03C2. The form of small sigma that is written at the end of a word. Written s in Latin letters.
Show all 63 Greek letters (56 more)

Small letters, continued

  • Greek small letter gamma U+03B3. Gamma, the third of the 24 letters. Written g in Latin letters. As a symbol: the third angle of a triangle, and the Lorentz factor of special relativity.
  • Greek small letter iota U+03B9. Iota, the ninth of the 24 letters. Written i in Latin letters. As a symbol: an inclusion map in set theory; it is rarely used, because it looks like the Latin i.
  • Greek small letter kappa U+03BA. Kappa, the tenth of the 24 letters. Written c or k in Latin letters. As a symbol: curvature, and a matrix's condition number.
  • Greek small letter lamda U+03BB. Lambda, the eleventh of the 24 letters. Written l in Latin letters. As a symbol: wavelength, and an eigenvalue in linear algebra.
  • Greek small letter mu U+03BC. Mu, the twelfth of the 24 letters. Written m in Latin letters. As a symbol: the population mean in statistics, and the prefix micro.
  • Greek small letter nu U+03BD. Nu, the thirteenth of the 24 letters. Written n in Latin letters. As a symbol: frequency in physics, and the neutrino.
  • Greek small letter omega U+03C9. Omega, the twenty-fourth of the 24 letters. Written ō in Latin letters. As a symbol: angular velocity.
  • Greek small letter omicron U+03BF. Omicron, the fifteenth of the 24 letters. Written o in Latin letters. Rarely used as a symbol, because it looks like the Latin o.
  • Greek small letter phi U+03C6. Phi, the twenty-first of the 24 letters. Written ph in Latin letters. As a symbol: the golden ratio, and Euler's totient function.
  • Greek small letter pi U+03C0. Pi, the sixteenth of the 24 letters. Written p in Latin letters. As a symbol: a circle's circumference divided by its diameter, about 3.14159.
  • Greek small letter psi U+03C8. Psi, the twenty-third of the 24 letters. Written ps in Latin letters. As a symbol: the stream function of fluid dynamics.
  • Greek small letter rho U+03C1. Rho, the seventeenth of the 24 letters. Written r or rh in Latin letters. As a symbol: density, and a correlation coefficient in statistics.
  • Greek small letter sigma U+03C3. Sigma, the eighteenth of the 24 letters. Written s in Latin letters. As a symbol: the population standard deviation, and the Stefan–Boltzmann constant.
  • Greek small letter tau U+03C4. Tau, the nineteenth of the 24 letters. Written t in Latin letters. As a symbol: torque, and proper time in relativity.
  • Greek small letter theta U+03B8. Theta, the eighth of the 24 letters. Written th in Latin letters. As a symbol: an angle in geometry.
  • Greek small letter upsilon U+03C5. Upsilon, the twentieth of the 24 letters. Written y or u in Latin letters. Rarely used as a symbol, because it looks like the Latin u.
  • Greek small letter xi U+03BE. Xi, the fourteenth of the 24 letters. Written x in Latin letters. As a symbol: the extent of a reaction, and the Riemann xi function.
  • Greek small letter zeta U+03B6. Zeta, the sixth of the 24 letters. Written z in Latin letters. As a symbol: the Riemann zeta function, and the damping ratio.

Capitals 24

  • Greek capital letter alpha U+0391. Capital alpha, letter 1 of 24. It has the form of the Latin capital A, so it is rarely used as a symbol.
  • Greek capital letter beta U+0392. Capital beta, letter 2 of 24. It has the form of the Latin capital B, so it is rarely used as a symbol.
  • Greek capital letter chi U+03A7. Capital chi, letter 22 of 24. It has the form of the Latin capital X, so it is rarely used as a symbol.
  • Greek capital letter delta U+0394. Capital delta, letter 4 of 24. As a symbol: a finite difference.
  • Greek capital letter epsilon U+0395. Capital epsilon, letter 5 of 24. It has the form of the Latin capital E, so it is rarely used as a symbol.
  • Greek capital letter eta U+0397. Capital eta, letter 7 of 24. It has the form of the Latin capital H, so it is rarely used as a symbol.
  • Greek capital letter gamma U+0393. Capital gamma, letter 3 of 24. As a symbol: the gamma function, which extends the factorial.
  • Greek capital letter iota U+0399. Capital iota, letter 9 of 24. It has the form of the Latin capital I, so it is rarely used as a symbol.
  • Greek capital letter kappa U+039A. Capital kappa, letter 10 of 24. It has the form of the Latin capital K, so it is rarely used as a symbol.
  • Greek capital letter lamda U+039B. Capital lambda, letter 11 of 24. As a symbol: the cosmological constant.
  • Greek capital letter mu U+039C. Capital mu, letter 12 of 24. It has the form of the Latin capital M, so it is rarely used as a symbol.
  • Greek capital letter nu U+039D. Capital nu, letter 13 of 24. It has the form of the Latin capital N, so it is rarely used as a symbol.
  • Greek capital letter omega U+03A9. Capital omega, letter 24 of 24. As a symbol: the ohm, the unit of electrical resistance.
  • Greek capital letter omicron U+039F. Capital omicron, letter 15 of 24. It has the form of the Latin capital O, so it is rarely used as a symbol.
  • Greek capital letter phi U+03A6. Capital phi, letter 21 of 24. As a symbol: magnetic flux or electric flux.
  • Greek capital letter pi U+03A0. Capital pi, letter 16 of 24. As a symbol: the product operator.
  • Greek capital letter psi U+03A8. Capital psi, letter 23 of 24. As a symbol: the wave function of quantum mechanics.
  • Greek capital letter rho U+03A1. Capital rho, letter 17 of 24. It has the form of the Latin capital P, so it is rarely used as a symbol.
  • Greek capital letter sigma U+03A3. Capital sigma, letter 18 of 24. As a symbol: the summation operator, the sign for a sum.
  • Greek capital letter tau U+03A4. Capital tau, letter 19 of 24. It has the form of the Latin capital T, so it is rarely used as a symbol.
  • Greek capital letter theta U+0398. Capital theta, letter 8 of 24. As a symbol: a tight asymptotic bound, a relative of big O notation.
  • Greek capital letter upsilon U+03A5. Capital upsilon, letter 20 of 24. It has the form of the Latin capital Y, so it is rarely used as a symbol. The upsilon meson, a particle, is written with the hooked form ϒ, U+03D2.
  • Greek capital letter xi U+039E. Capital xi, letter 14 of 24. As a symbol: the xi baryon, a particle.
  • Greek capital letter zeta U+0396. Capital zeta, letter 6 of 24. It has the form of the Latin capital Z, so it is rarely used as a symbol.

Letter variants 6

  • Greek kappa symbol U+03F0. A second form of small kappa. Unicode's other name: script kappa.
  • Greek lunate epsilon symbol U+03F5. A second form of small epsilon, shaped like a crescent. Unicode's other name: straight epsilon.
  • Greek phi symbol U+03D5. A form of phi used as a technical symbol, drawn with a stroke.
  • Greek pi symbol U+03D6. A form of pi that looks like an omega. Unicode's other name: omega pi.
  • Greek rho symbol U+03F1. A second form of small rho, used as a technical symbol. Unicode's other name: tailed rho.
  • Greek theta symbol U+03D1. A second form of small theta, a technical symbol. Unicode's other name: script theta.

Old letters 8

  • Greek letter digamma U+03DC. Capital digamma, a letter that dropped out of the alphabet and was kept as the numeral 6.
  • Greek letter koppa U+03DE. Capital koppa, a letter that dropped out of the alphabet and was kept as the numeral 90.
  • Greek letter sampi U+03E0. Capital sampi, a rare old letter kept as the numeral 900.
  • Greek letter stigma U+03DA. Capital stigma. Its name first belonged to a medieval ligature of sigma and tau; as a numeral it stands for 6.
  • Greek small letter digamma U+03DD. Small digamma. As a numeral it stands for 6.
  • Greek small letter koppa U+03DF. Small koppa. As a numeral it stands for 90.
  • Greek small letter sampi U+03E1. Small sampi. As a numeral it stands for 900.
  • Greek small letter stigma U+03DB. Small stigma, the small form of the letter above.

How this list was compiled: Names, and the code points they belong to, are from UnicodeData.txt, version 18.0.0 (https://www.unicode.org/Public/18.0.0/ucd/UnicodeData.txt), printed in sentence case. Other names, notes and cross-references are from NamesList.txt of the same version (https://www.unicode.org/Public/18.0.0/ucd/NamesList.txt); the version a character was added in is from DerivedAge.txt (https://www.unicode.org/Public/18.0.0/ucd/DerivedAge.txt), and the years are from https://www.unicode.org/history/publicationdates.html. Alt codes are from the code page 437 table (https://www.unicode.org/Public/MAPPINGS/VENDORS/MICSFT/PC/CP437.TXT) and the code page 1252 table (https://www.unicode.org/Public/MAPPINGS/VENDORS/MICSFT/WINDOWS/CP1252.TXT). Option keys are those of the U.S. keyboard layout as the Unicode CLDR project records it (https://github.com/unicode-org/cldr/blob/release-42/keyboards/osx/en-t-k0-osx.xml); other layouts differ. HTML entity names are from https://html.spec.whatwg.org/entities.json. LaTeX commands are listed only when LaTeX's own fontdef.dtx or ltoutenc.dtx (https://github.com/latex3/latex2e/tree/develop/base) defines them. A cell is empty where no such method exists. The order of the 24 letters and the Latin letter each is written with (the traditional Latin transliteration) are from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_alphabet, which also records the three old letters kept as numerals. What each letter stands for as a symbol, and that the capitals shaped like Latin letters are rarely used, is from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_letters_used_in_mathematics,_science,_and_engineering; one or two uses were picked for each letter, and many more exist. The numeral values of digamma, koppa, sampi and stigma, and the other names of the six symbol forms, are Unicode's notes. Math text between dollar signs: https://matplotlib.org/stable/users/explain/text/mathtext.html. All read on 2 October 2026; Wikipedia text is CC BY-SA 4.0 and restated in this site's own words. Listed: the 24 letters in both cases, final sigma, the six symbol forms and four old letters of the Greek and Coptic block. Left out: letters with accents, the Coptic letters and the math alphabets, which the pages of single letters hold. The choice of uses and the order of the groups are this site's own. Licence: own work (facts from the Unicode Character Database, Unicode License v3, and from Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 4.0, restated in this site's own words; aliases and notes marked as Unicode's are quoted from NamesList.txt, Copyright © 1991-2026 Unicode, Inc., https://www.unicode.org/license.txt)

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